Indian Marketing Environment Essays

Indian Marketing Environment Essays Indian Marketing Environment Paper Indian Marketing Environment Paper Essay Topic: Deforestation They should realize the serious challenges of doing business here like segmenting the market properly, Understanding countrys social and cultural issues, getting through government bureaucracy and understanding economic and political situation. There have been bunch Of examples of companies who have tried to enter in Indian markets without taking care of these issues and have failed badly. Now before understanding Indian Marketing Environment, it is important to understand what is Marketing Environment. Marketing Environment consist of factors and forces outside or inside the organization that affect its business in the market. The racketing environment is divided into tow different environments. 1) Micro Environment: It consist of factors lose to the company that have a direct impact on the organization strategy. This includes companys suppliers, distributors, customers and competitors. 2) Macro Environment: It consists of larger societal forces. And these are beyond the control of the organization. These shape the characteristics of the opportunities and threats facing a company. For example, Economic, Cultural, Political, Demographic and Technological. Demographics Environment It is the study of the people terms of their age, gender, race, ethnicity, and action. Demographic characteristics strongly affect buying behavior. The current population of India is 1. 18 billion and it is the second most populous country in the world next to China. And it is being projected that by 2010, it will overtake china with 1. 53 billion. Obviously thats not a good news but for marketers there lies lots of opportunities. Fast growth of population accompanied with rising income means expanding markets. And among this 1. 18 billion population, more than 50% are below 25 years of age. ND that is the reason why why tree is tough intention in the area of soft drinks, outworking sites, stylish mobile handsets, job portals and all. Estimated in 2008, around 71% population lives in rural areas even after so much migration to urban cities and that is the reason why low cost brands have started targeting rural communities. They put Camps, Hat in meals to promote their products. Literacy rate, as estimated in 2009, for men it was 76. 9% and for women it was 54. 5%, though there is still wide gender disparity, but it has been observed that growth In women literacy rate is more than mens. So women is another big target for marketers. Specially for home eased products, as we know women is the chief person to select them for her home. Now, In India different behavior of different age group has been observed which is mentioned below. Adolescents: The new-age teens are marketers delight. They do no earn but they are fond of spending. They spend lavishly on clothes, eating out, latest gadgets and are very keen t keep up with their friends in terms of possessions and lifestyles. They do not feel guilty of spending their parents money and put pressure on their parents to shell out money for them. They feel they need to have a life of their own, and t should not be denied to them just because they are not earning. Youth: The current youngsters are growing in a more media-influenced, brand conscious world than their parents. Companies have to take their messages to the places where these youngsters frequent, whether on the internet, in a cricket stadium, or television. They do not mind information reaching them but they will reserve their right to make their choices. They know what they want from their lives and the product or services they buy. They hate to be persuaded and influenced. Hereford companies would do well to leave them alone to make their choices. They create their own website, make movie with their own webbed, post their thoughts, pictures and writing online. Since they are sure about what they want, they prefer customized products and services. Companies are realizing that they have to provide something unique and deeply personal to in their loyalty. People between 35 to 45: People in this age group are settled in their professions and have toddlers and growing children in their home. The exert themselves in their profession because they realize that their career is likely to take off at this stage. They put in long hours at office and they have to juggle endlessly between their susceptibilities as spouses and parents and growing responsibilities at work. Parents may be staying with them or they may be living in different city. Income Of the people rises at a good rate and they are good spenders. Some of them may be buying their infirm car while most of them thinking of upgrading their cars. They are also open to new gadgets for themselves and for households. People in this age group want to live a good life and are constantly on a buying spree to improve their lifestyles. They dress well, dine out frequently, and look for opportunities to go on holidays. These days they re also keen to buy new houses very early in their lives. They also plan to retire early, and they plan their finances accordingly. People Between 45 to 60: Some people in this age group are at the peak of their careers while some others are struggling to keep their jobs. Children boomed major priority for people in this age group. They spend less as they save resources to fund the higher education of their children. They are also worried about their own future and make a last-ditch efforts to put a retirement plan in place. People above 60: people in this age group live on a steady income. Some Of them live with their grown-up children and are part of their household. They do not spend much on themselves. Their family looks after their requirements. Most of their money spent on buying gifts for their children and grand children. They have to spend a substantial part of their earnings on health-related issues and domestic help. Political Environment The political-Legal environment of a country is influenced by political structures and organizations, political stability, governments interventions, constitutional provisions, governments attitude, foreign policy. Businesses eel helpless in countries where contracts cannot be enforced by the judiciary of the land or it takes excessive timeline the judicial proceedings. Governments will need to provide an environment in which businesses can flourish. In turn, government needs businesses because the marketplace generates taxes. In this way government and businesses need each other. Also every aspect of marketing mix is subject to laws and restrictions. As in any part of the world, political influence is highly essential to start a business in India. Especially if you are planning to start a multi billion business, some sort of political derogate is an absolute necessity. Not only for safeguarding the interest of the company but even to begin the process of getting the required sanctions, one requires hold in the high echelons of politics and administrative circles. Indian society is highly plural. It is the biggest democracy in the world with multi party political system. During the last couple of decades, India has opened its market to world. It has absolutely become an open global market. Banking sector, Insurance sector and all fields of industrial and business are now open for multi national investment. Of course there are many obstructions to cross. And mostly all issues can overcome and establish business if you have the political patronage. India has a plural political system. With numerous political parties, national level and state level, it is very difficult to get a consensus among all parties for starting any business. Also these political parties have patronage of many factors, caste, creed and ideologies. There are political parties with left centric communist ideologies; they are totally against direct foreign investments. But other parties, who are main ruling coalition partners, have right centric ideologies and open for reign investments. In most of the states, mostly local political parties are ruling. Political parties require financial patronage from big business establishments. Many constituent states have realized the need for foreign investments in their state for a growth oriented economic situation. Hence the climate has changed a lot in India. So many privileges are offered to entrepreneurs to start business. With all these facilities, still political patronage is a must to start a business in India. Even after establishing the business, for a proper running of the business, political help is essential. It is mainly to sort out issues related to local taxes, labor problems and many such issues affecting the normal working of the companies. Some examples in which the government interfere has changed the way people did business ; India food items need to put Green dot for all vegetarian items and a Red dot for all non-vegetarian items. ; All the packaged products need to have MR.(Maximum Retail price) on their package. Auto industries had to introduce expensive emission control in their car-Euro II compliance ; Public transport in Delhi like authoritarians and buses have to use only CNN in place of Petrol or Diesel. Introduction of VAT in Delhi ; RIB various guidelines to credit cards companies ; Introduction of G technology ; And very recently, India has asked RIM (Research in Motion), maker of Blackberry, to install its sender in India for tracking its messenger enterprise mail services. And if they dont do so, there services will be banned, which will affect their business in India. Social-cultural Factors Social factors influence the products people buy, the prices they are willing to pay, the effectiveness of specific promotions and how, when and where people purchase products. They change gradually and some changes will be imperceptible if not watched closely. That is the reason why it is most difficult variable for marketing managers to forecast, influence and integrate into marketing plans. One thing India faces no competition is its varied culture and heritage. It has great diversity in cultural practices, languages, customs and traditions. In India people before starting a new business consult astrologers. Superstition are a part of life like they avoid eating non-vegetarian on Tuesdays due to some religious reasons. People here consider cows a holy animal and it is worshipped and this is the reason behind failure of KEF n India in 1997 when they unreduced Beef items in their Menu. Values: A value is a strongly held and enduring belief. In India a persons values are key determinants of what is important and not important to him, how he reacts in a particular situation and how he behaves in a social situations. Today educated Indian consumer do not tolerate ineffective products and sloppy behavior of marketers. He has become more inquisitive, discriminating and demanding. Companies should learn to expect tough customers. Time Starved Customers: Today many customers place value of non-material accomplishments, such as having control over their lives, and being able to take a day off when they want. As work life gets longer uninterested, people are spending their leisure time recuperating. Casual r-radials and Home offices are further blurring the boundaries between work and leisure. People will increasingly place more value on time than money. Multiple Lifestyles: Today People lead multiple lifestyles. They choose products and services that meet diverse needs and interests rather than conform to traditional stereotypes. A person can be a teacher and also a a gourmet, fitness enthusiast and so many there things. Each of these lifestyles is associated with different products and services and is a potential customer for companies. This has increased the complexities of consumers buying habits. A person may go on holidays to exotic holiday locations and may spend a fortune to travel, but may dine in very ordinary restaurants. Changing structures of Families: The growth in the number of working women means an increase in dual-income families. These families have greeter household income but less time for family activities. More working women has meant an enraging demand for time-saving devices ND products, particularly for the kitchen. It is being discovered that cost is more prominent in decisions made by women, whereas quality is relatively more important to men. This will have important influence when companies design marketing mixes for products where the women is prime decision maker. Some examples how this factor has affected the market: ; Hindustan Milliner limited markets different blends of tea under the same brand name to address the regional preferences of consumers. ; Gist India specialized in supplying gourmet mixes to housewives, knows the taste well of North South India. MET faceable, CNN, Discovery has completely changed the values of Indian consumers. ; Automobiles Insurance companies pottery themselves as a family product in their advertisements. Natural Environment Natural environment includes factors such as seasonal variations, climatic differences, soil conditions and natural terrain. In consumer markets, the natural environment affects companies because Of the differences in the nature of products bought by consumers due to variations in seasons and climate. In difficult terrains like hilly areas, it is difficult and expensive to get reduces to the customers.. It becomes more expensive to build distribution channels for companies whose target markets are geographically disperse. There are so many environmental issues in India for example Extinction of Tigers, Pollution in urban cities, Water shortages, Deforestation etc. So a company raising even a single issue could do well here. How can we forget to mention Ideas initiative to save paper by using mobile phones. Its outstanding advertisements promotional campaigns has really catches our attention. Government also doing their best to save our environment like PLOP(Pollution under control) is must for all the vehicles, soap industry must have to increase its biodegradability, strict laws against killing tigers, encouraging use of solar energy in big government head offices. Technological Environment Technology is practically everywhere today-it has changed the way we prepare food, we buy our clothes, and we build our homes. It has changed the way we send our posts, we take our exams, we fill up our forms and the way we resort to comfort and entertainment. Computers, the most visible impact of technology have come a long way from being huge machines cocked up in a room to tiny palmtops with more features added everyday. It has all the functions of a calculator, a music player, a home theatre, a video camera and practically a better tool than a pen and a sheet of paper.

International Human Resources Management Strategies Essay

International Human Resources Management Strategies - Essay Example Some companies tend to lack the knowledge that globalization is closing the gap on how we relate to others. This paper on International HRM aims to assess various key issues associated with the management of human resources in a global environment, such as the key strategies or challenges faced by companies operating in international locations; the most effective approach recommended for global companies to operate successfully in an international environment; etc. For the purpose of this study, Nike Inc., is chosen for discussion and analysis. International HRM strategies: Nike Inc. Nike Inc., is an international footwear, sportswear and equipment supplier headquartered in Washington, U.S.A, and having branches all over the globe. The company truly reflects the characteristics of a truly global multinational brand, due to its successful operations in international markets. Nike’s international HRM strategies involve introduction of market driven policies aimed at profit maxim ization. Led by visionary Phil Knight, Nike Inc.'s phenomenal success in international markets was achieved by outsourcing majority of its manufacturing operations to low-wage countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam and China. The company received flak for its outrageous HRM policies whereby young children and other workers in the Nike factories were made to work for long durations in unsafe work environments, raising alarm in the international community (Aswathappa & Dash, 2007). However, ever since the company has focused on improving its working conditions and rewired its approach to human resource management by introducing polices focusing on an integrated and multi-disciplinary team to support and monitor its outsourcing operations. The company today focuses on worker safety and sustainable business as its core business strategy and vision (Nike Inc., 2012). Global challenges of IHRM: A significant number of organizations have internationalized their operations over the past coupl e of decades. This new trend has given rise to global challenges with regard to the management of human resources across international borders. The key challenges faced by managers today, with regard to International HRM include aligning its resources and work practices with those of the host nations; increasing risk of global terrorism; change in patterns of hiring and staffing; ethical and CSR challenges; strategic challenges etc (Dowling, Festing, and Engle, 2008). However one of the most pressing issues faced by multinational companies today is to monitor and supervise the code of conduct and HRM practices in the host countries. Various multinational companies such as Nike, Benetton, Levi Strauss, Reebok, Adidas etc., among many others have faced severe criticism in their home country for their unethical work practices. These companies have been accused of child labor and violation of human rights thus resulting in a serious negative impact on its brand image. Similar challenges were faced by companies like Google for its questionable ethical practices in China; Coca Cola for its CSR practices; Allure Cruise Lines' strategic challenges etc (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2008; Deresky, 2007). Some of the other key challenges faced by the multinational related to international HRM include those associated with ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and/ or region centric approaches. Ethnocentricity refers to

Principle-based ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principle-based ethics - Essay Example According to the deontological principle, one ought to do an action that upholds his/her moral obligation without what the other people consider appropriate (Shaw, 2008). America is a capitalistic state whose economy is guarded by the laws of demand and supply, which determine the price of commodities in the market (Futrelle, 2012). From a deontological perspective, market forces can suddenly increase demand of commodities without a corresponding increase in supply; implying that people are demanding more than the market supply. Thus, this implies prices of commodities will automatically rise because of other factors other than those affecting demand and supply (Shaw, 2008). Thus, merchants often base their argument on this notion by arguing that they do not cause price gouging but the situation arises from the forces of demand and supply. Conversely, the principle of justice agitates for fairness to all involved entities in price gouging situations. It is widely known that if demand is more than supply, the prices of commodities will increase steadily to counter the deficit in the market. For this reason, merchants with sufficient stock during this particular time, can leverage from the situation since it is a rare case that may never happen again. Thus, according to this principle, it is fair for them to be allowed to benefit from the economic situation since it is not their making but because of market forces (Wicks, 2010). On the other hand, there are ethical principles that are against the act of price gouging because they consider such acts as selfishness that are only meant to benefit a few individuals at the opportunity cost of others (Bredeson, 2012). For instance, the principle of beneficence states that, whenever you are doing anything, the ratio of good should always supersede the quota of evil not only to one’s self but also to the entire world. Therefore, in the case of this particular situation,

The Importance Of Sustainable Infrastructure Design Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of Sustainable Infrastructure Design Environmental Sciences Essay Infrastructure is the key to creating a healthy, happy and thriving economic climate in communities around the world. It is important to our future success and plays a critical role in creating and enhancing sustainability based on ESEM principles. By tradition, the leading concern among engineers has been the safety and reliability of major infrastructure entities. Until recently, sustainability has not been included in most infrastructure organisms on any level. However, the engineering organization, along with the community as a whole, is recognizing the importance of sustainable infrastructure design. Yet combining these ideas into the engineering design procedure as a primary goal remains uncertain to many engineers. This research paper seeks to provide a platform for upcoming sustainable engineering of civil infrastructure design. Introduction: The definition behind this research paper is the sustainable design of new infrastructure, re-design, rehabilitation, re-use or optimization of current infrastructure, which is consistent with the ESEM principles of sustainability. Sustainable infrastructure design is a great modern solution that will greatly reduce the life cycle cost of an infrastructure and also less negative effect on the environment. The main goal of this research paper is to define sustainable infrastructure, the need for infrastructure sustainability design, the scope of sustainable design, how to promote and implement it and the impact of it in society. US infrastructure demographic: Lets pull up the infrastructure demographic in the US: $2.2 trillion is the total investment amount needed in next five years to bring the infrastructure up to top,  according to the ASCE recent report. $1.57 is the amount  from each tax payer spent on infrastructure. There is four million miles of  roads  in the U.S and 90,000 miles found to be in dangerous state.150, 000 miles of roads are on the agenda to be repaired under the newly $50 billion infrastructure stimulus. $350 to $750 is the average dollar amount each driver in the US pays in annual vehicle maintenance costs  related to poor road state. 600,000  is the number of  bridges  in the U.S and 71,000  of those bridges are found to be in alarming state. 140,000 miles of  railway track  in the national freight rail network. $8 billion is the dollar amount the U.S.  plans to spend  on developing high speed rail in the next two years. The need for sustainable infrastructure design As you may notice from this infrastructure demographic was conducted by the American Society of Civil Engineers recently. The US spends a couple of trillions of dollars every year in building, maintaining, repairing and research in infrastructure. Infrastructure development is a vital part of society and economy which develop the need to develop a sustainable infrastructure design to reduce the life cycle cost of the structure and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Let analyze the definition of sustainable infrastructure which is an infrastructure that enable a society evolution towards the goal of sustainable living. More Consideration should be brought to technical and government policies that allow the engineers to target at sustainable infrastructure design and ingenuities that promote sustainable living in modern society. Rationally, a sustainable design clues to the expansion of sustainable societies. The main purpose is to reduce a persons ecological footprint acco rding to the ESEM principles and sustainable expansion. Commonly speaking, sustainable infrastructure includes public transport, production and distribution of power, buildings for living, office spaces and public utilities, such as airports, stations, roads and marine ports, etc†¦In a metropolitan environment, buildings ingest about 40% of power and thus, they are a main supplier to carbon emissions. Sustainable Infrastructure scope Design and manufacture of sustainable buildings can address climate change matters to a large degree. It is projected that each 1 million sq. ft. of constructed sustainable building area will decrease 12 to 17 thousand tons of CO2 each year. Societies ought to improve their sustainable infrastructure design in order to simplify economic development; and its capability to develop on a sustainable source depends on how positively it pacts with environmental challenges rising from the development of building a sustainable infrastructure. It is very significant for the US to dynamically chase sharp emission reduction goals. There are enormous resources at our disposal; The US can establish the possibility and attraction of low-carbon development to other societies by establishing a sustainable infrastructure design based upon the ESEM principles. Sustainable infrastructure design is critical to a sustainable US. Expansion of the population and economic growth pressure the countrys limited resources of land, water, food, and power. To conserve and develop class of life there is a need to develop sustainable infrastructure design an improvement that meets human necessities for infrastructures while saving and guarding environmental quality and the economic and social resources critical for future growth. Sustainable infrastructure design is not luxurious like some might think. There are many examples that can be cited where sustainable infrastructure design has helped significantly reduce life cycle cost, help the environment and promote economic growth. Todays Infrastructure consist of built facilities and shelter and support most human activities: infrastructures of all types, power supply, water supply and waste treatment and management. Infrastructure is crucial socially and economically. In the U.S building and renovating the current infrastructure totals to about 1/8 of the GDP. To create a sustainable infrastructure design we need applicable practices, training, and study of infrastructure planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance and rejuvenation or elimination. The practice, training and study for Sustainable Infrastructure design is one of the creativity of the U.S. infrastructure society. Contribution is exposed to all establishments that harvest, use, study or teach for practices for infrastructure in general. Sustainable infrastructure design outlook supports a great and sustainable quality of life for all individuals in a changing world. Sustainable infrastructure design goal is to progress and integrate ideas and information of sustainability into the principles and practices used throughout the life cycle of any infrastructure structures. ESEM principles will balance, and build upon, significant continuing activities linked to a sustainable infrastructure design such as sustainable building rules and practices for safety from natural, conscious and accidental hazards. Sustainable Infrastructure designs scope is divided in four aspects: -All principles and practices used in the life cycle analysis of all infrastructure organizations from urban and regional development, which mixes infrastructure systems, to those for essential materials and constituents and for process and maintenance; -Involving the private sector establishments that create and maintain the practices used for infrastructure systems and whose affiliates put in place these practices; -Using severe life cycle analysis measures to deliver reliable signs of environmental, economic and social consequences; and -Producing plans for application of top practices, development of practices to use current information, identify research needed to seal serious gaps in knowledge, and training for infrastructure specialists and operators. Figure 1 below represent the main types of infrastructure as well as main topics for research in design. Helping training platforms at college and universities in design, construction, engineering and planning, in integrating principles for sustainable infrastructure design in their curriculum, and reinforce K-12 training to develop a community understanding of sustainable infrastructure design and to invite qualified youth to infrastructure professions. Figure Launch a lasting platform of research to deliver critically wanted information for enhancement of practices for sustainable infrastructure design. Involve the U.S. infrastructure society in a worldwide effort for sustainable infrastructure design. A summary of the scope of sustainable infrastructure design based of ESEM principles using the three spheres of sustainability which are environmental, social and economic. (figure 1) Figure Impact of Sustainable Infrastructure Design Sustainable infrastructure design influences all type of industries today. Even a superficial look at todays environmental defies aids us to recognize that sustainable infrastructure design is a great defy and a crucial one for that issue. The past of industrialization societies shapes us that design of infrastructure continuously leads economic development. A society must develop its infrastructure system to ease economic development; and its aptitude to propagate on a sustainable foundation is subject to on how effectively it treats with environmental defies ascending from the procedure of building infrastructure. The benefits of sustainable infrastructure design increase through incorporating with buildings and across several infrastructure entities. For example, a landscaped exposed space can manage storm water, ease heat islands, deliver shading so that air conditioners need to run less often, and create a public facility. Sustainable infrastructure design can be effective in mixed-use localities. Varied land uses and structure types even out the demand for service. For example, people tend to use electricity, water and other utilities in the early AM and late PM, while commercial use heights in the daytime. Diverse uses also create chances for resource re-use and interactions. The end result is urban localities that are more self-sufficient. Sustainable infrastructure design is efficient. For example, new wastewater treatment machinery combines biological processes with innovative process checking and control to improve efficiency, from both energy and treatment outlooks. There is a necessity to assume a consciousness determination to inform one and all to sustainability and the necessity to improve infrastructure system that can resist a test of sustainability. Its essential to implement a general tactic that should include sustainable infrastructure design growth guidelines and strategies. It should consider eco-efficiency conceptions and comprise systems related to water preservation and control. The methodology should also be comprehensive of public utility services such as mass transportations and production of power. The Federal Government and lawmakers should think about a sustainability financial plan that would offer more incentives for use of minimal natural resources and encourage investments in sustainable infrastructure designs. 64% of Americans are disposed to pay more nowadays for a national sustainable infrastructure that is energy-efficient and less inefficient in order to save money and resources in the upcoming, up from 58 percent last November. About 96% of Americans approve that all new infrastructures should be sustainable designs. Whether its on transportation amenities, like highways and bridges, or in buildings, were discovering that sustainability has turned to be a requirement for many agencies nowadays who are expecting sustainable structures. Nevertheless of the method, most of the US sees the importance in sustainable infrastructure design as an initiative. About76% senses that large-scale infrastructure expansions with sustainability in mind are a significant investment for future generations. The necessity for more well-organized and flexible transportation systems to provision the nations economy and class of life remains to be a main concern in the US. At the same time, climate change, power security, shrinking natural resources, and queries about continuing transportation financing increase fears about the lasting practicality of our present methods to designing, constructing and maintaining our infrastructure. The transportation industrys development to sustainable practices is being led by political and the public, which is asking the industry to get closer with those that, are further advanced in sustainability. The U.S. transportation organizations are attaining sustainability in two methods: -Developing design and construction practices taking more in consideration natural resources, and applying practices that decrease greenhouse gas emissions. In the construction industry, old highways materials are frequently recycled and reused in new highway asphalt and concrete. Reflective orange barrels made of recycled plastic are placed in construction zones nowadays instead of battery-powered flashers. Sustainable infrastructure design practices can offer the data and information needed to make critical resolution, manage risk more efficiently, and eventually work in the direction of sustainable goals. However, sustainable infrastructure design plays a crucial significant part in assisting to generate a sustainable community. Sustainable infrastructure design practices permit us to frequently improve and launch improved control for sustainability. Sustainability today is measured using a diversity of signs, standards, reviews, guides, accounting and reporting organizations, which can be applied at all scales. Some of these measurements, principally the environmental ones, are already based on assessable measurements. These include the Air Quality Index, the Environmental Vulnerability Index. Other measurements such as the Corruption Perception Index, the Education Index, and the Happy Planet Index are more socio-economic, in nature, and are often based on a combination of assessabl e and qualitative measurements. Regardless of the kind of measurement used to assess sustainability, they are all based on some sort of quantitative measurements, and data analysis techniques. Conclusions: The purposes of this research paper on sustainable infrastructure design is be to bring awareness to the engineering community to keep a sustainable design in mind when design, planning and construction of new infrastructure systems. There is an abundant need for research activities related to both new and existing sustainable infrastructure design. New types of sustainable infrastructure design have to be developed which will need less use of resources in the construction phase, more energy efficient buildings, new types of sustainable infrastructure design for construction and supply of power and for transport and communication. There is also a necessity for a more efficient use of resources by development of new sustainable materials, new construction principles and methods and by recycling infrastructure materials using ESEM principles. Also using life cycle assessments and costing to optimized infrastructure prices. Implementing and developing and promoting sustainable infrastru cture design at all level in our society will have a great positive impact in the environment, social benefit and economic growth while preserving our ecosystems.

Suburbanization Essay -- Community Development, Urbanism

The topic of suburbanization is a reality in today's world. Over the years, a number of factors emerge to allow the unstoppable development of a community from a small classic city to a sprawl. Technological advances, immigration, transportation, and communication are some of the changing factors that manipulate our lifestyle and shape the way we live, based on our time, needs, and available resources as a society. You think of how we got where we are today as a society, we came from using trains and carriages to airplanes and automobiles. We came from planting our own food to obtaining it from supermarkets, where we can find any type of food from anywhere around the world. The important of individualism is another factor that plays another important role in society, and it brings unlimited freedom as a consequence. Freedom for people to mobilize, buy, sell, and communicate with other people from all around the world. This same evolution of chaos allows the creation of new ideas amon g the city’s population, new ways of doing things, inventions, production techniques, and transportation. At the same time, many different cultures and classes of immigration contribute to the increase of a diverse economy, creating new ways of doing things while the old ways of living are evaporated and destroyed. In this case we analyze New Haven, a city that in earlier times emerged from an economic development based on the primitive use of water as a source of production, to the use of steam-driven machinery. In a blink of an eye, the city went from urbanism to suburbanization. Anyone would say the expansion of a city could bring only prosperity without taking into consideration that same developments factors could badly turn against it, and cont... ..., such as the television had the power to influence the past, present, and future of American cities. They contributed to technological advancements in the cities but at the same time to the destruction of urbanism. Urbanism and suburbanization clearly demonstrates the changing forces that impact society. New Haven was a perfect example that clearly describes how urbanism met its end. The way we employ technology, communication, electricity, water and other resources shape the way we live today and how we will live in future years. For many, the search for new discoveries creates excitement, and it could even trick us to believe cities are growing in the right direction, such as New Haven once believed. Today, we can appreciate how individualism has grown by the way cities are now organized. As a society, we now wish for open, peaceful, lonely spaces to live.

Death and Athlete Essay

Title: The title can suggest two different things because â€Å"dying young† can be interpreted differently figuratively and literally. Literally, it would mean that the athlete was dying. Figuratively, it would mean that the athlete’s career was coming to an end earlier than expected perhaps because he was sick or injured. Paraphrase: The speaker is specifically addressing the â€Å"athlete dying young† but is addressing everyone in general. When you won the town race, everyone congratulated and cheered for you. However, today we bring you home after you finished your long race. You’re smart for leaving the world before glory left you. Though victory and subsequent glory comes early, it withers away faster than a rose. Now since you are dead, you cannot see or hear anything. At least your fame and glory stays with you as you died. Many people’s renown and fame left them before they left. So leave the world before fame’s echo fades. Then your fame will last forever and you will be well known for your achievement. Connotation: Form – This poem is kind of like an eulogy because it praises the athlete who died/is dying young. In stanza 3, the speaker seems to be praising the athlete by stating, â€Å"Smart lad, to slip betimes away From fields where glory does not stay. He’s basically saying, â€Å"Yay. Good job on dying young. † Diction – The diction is relatively easy to read and seems very conventional. This makes it seem as if the poem was not specifically for the athlete or athletes but for everyone. Imagery – The imagery makes the poem seem more elegiac. Stanza 3: â€Å"And early though the laurel grows It withers quicker than the rose. † Stanza 7: â€Å"Will flock to gaze the strengthless dead† Point of View – The POV seems to be that of a fellow resident of the town the â€Å"athlete dying young† resided in. â€Å"We chaired you through†¦ we bring you home† Details – There are a lot of details on life/death and glory/fame. Allusions – There is an allusion to the time of the Greeks. It was customary in ancient Greece to crown champion athletes with wreaths with leaves from laurel trees. Stanza 3: And early though the laurel grows. Stanza 7: â€Å"And round that early-laurelled head† Symbolism – In stanza 2, the â€Å"road all runners come† symbolizes life and how it eventually leads to death. In stanza 3. the laurel symbolizes glory and fame while the rose symbolizes how beauty/victory/life is ephemeral. Figurative Language – In stanza 2, there is a metaphor dealing with the â€Å"stiller town. † Basically, there is a comparison of a cemetery/graveyard to a town. Also, in stanza 4, the â€Å"shady night† is a comparison of night to death. Attitude: Well, at first, I thought the tone was depressing because it was mournful of an athlete who died young. However, the speaker’s tone seems to be more reverential than mournful because the praises the speaker gives to the athlete makes it seem as if dying young is better. The speaker states that since he died young, his fame/glory is fresh and everlasting and that this is better than â€Å"runners whom renown outran [them]. † Shifts: There is shift from the first stanza to the second stanza and then from the second to the third. From then on the stanzas are mostly positive. The first stanza is quite celebratory. Everyone is celebrating the athlete who won the race. Then in the second stanza, the mood shifts from cheerful to mournful because the athlete now died. After the second stanzas, all the stanzas are more optimistic. It makes early death seems better than long life. Title: My original opinions of the title are quite similar to my current ones. Basically the poem is about a champion athlete who died early. Due to his early death, his fame lingers on because his accomplishments in life will still be remembered. The athlete in the poem literally dies but so does his career as well. However, one thing that doesn’t die or decay is the athlete’s accomplishments. Theme(s): The main theme in this poem is between life/death and glory. Life doesn’t last forever and neither does youth nor fame. Since fame/glory is ephemeral like beauty, if you live for too long after your accomplishments, your fame/glory is bound to wither away before you do. However, if you die with achievements, your renown will be fresh and remembered. Yet the consequence to this is that you have to face bitter death.

Analysis of e. e. cummings’ Poem of all the blessings...

Analysis of e. e. cummings’ Poem of all the blessings which to man As Thomas Reed West puts it, the predominant literary sentiment toward the discipline of the machine has been one of lament (xii). Many authors have composed pieces dealing with industrialization and the correlated obsolescence of man. Poet e.e. cummings is among them. In his poem of all the blessings which to man, cummings describes a world to which progress will doom mankind-- a place where technology rules over humanity. Cummingss poem opens saying that the most supreme gift progress offers mankind is the an/ imal without a heart (3-4). This heartless living thing is the machine. Machines can be made to act, and can often appear as if they†¦show more content†¦That would logically serve to further squelch emotion, for if the leaders of the world are androgynous, the underclasses will follow, and without gender, where is romance (perhaps the strongest of all passions)? This gender-unspecific automated presence hopes its overthrow of humanity will be so disheartening and its subsequent reign so pacifying that its human subjects will not care enough to dream of anything better. The technological pseudobeast almost droolingly fantasizes about raptures of undream and a land of supernod/ where freedom is compulsory and only man is god (20-24). That land of supernod is a place beyond sleep, beyond even a trance. Perhaps it is most accurately described as a walking state of unconsciousness. But how can freedom be compulsory? Cummings is known for his tendency to multiply rather than restrict potential meanings, and at first this phrase seems to be another example of that very trademark (Rotella 299). In actuality, cummings is showing that freedom wont exist if these machines come to power. The humans will be encouraged to believe they have freedom; quite possibly, they will be required to believe such nonsense or be eliminated, making freedom compulsory. How would these machines beShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessituates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a